秋【あき】:植物
【しょくぶつ】
aki: shokubutsu,
Autumn: Plants
木犀
【もくせい】
mokusei,
sweet olive / sweet osmanthus [Osmanthus fragrans varieties] (late autumn).
金木犀
【きんもくせい】
kinmokusei,
golden sweet olive / golden sweet osmanthus [Osmanthus fragrans variety aurantiacus]
銀木犀
【ぎんもくせい】
ginmokusei,
silver sweet olive / silver sweet osmanthus [Osmanthus fragrans]
薄黄木犀
【うすぎもくせい】
usugimokusei,
pale-yellow sweet olive / pale-yellow sweet osmanthus [Osmanthus fragrans variety thunbergii]
木槿
【むくげ】
mukuge,
rose of sharon / hibiscus / althea [Hibiscus syriacus; not to be confused with 葵【あおい】aoi, hollyhock / althea, in summer; see also note on 蕣 at 朝顔【あさがお】 asagao, morning-glory, below] (early autumn).
芙蓉
【ふよう】
fuyō,
rose mallow(s) [Hibiscus mutabilis] (early autumn).
椿の実
【つばきのみ】
tsubaki no mi,
fruit of the camellia (late autumn).
梨
【なし】
nashi,
(Japanese round) pear(s) [fruit of Pyrus pyrifolia] (all autumn).
ありの実
【ありのみ】
arinomi,
(Japanese round) pear(s)
西洋梨
【せいようなし】
seiyō-nashi,
(European/Western) pear(s) [fruit of Pyrus communis]
柿
【かき】
kaki,
persimmon(s) [fruit of Diospyros kaki or related species] (late autumn).
甘柿
【あまがき】
amagaki,
sweet persimmon(s)
渋柿
【しぶがき】
shibugaki,
astringent persimmon(s)
木守柿
【きもりがき】
kimorigaki (きまもりがき), tree-ripened persimmon(s) [among the last picked; suggests that the fruit was guarded until fully ripened]
林檎
【りんご】
ringo,
apple(s) [fruit of Malus pumila] (late autumn).
葡萄
【ぶどう】
budō,
(ぶだう), grapes [eminent haiku masters have placed this kidai in early, mid, and late autumn, apparently according to geographical
latitude and local grape production; we follow Inahata Teiko's Hototogisu New Saijiki with an all-autumn designation, leaning toward mid autumn] (all autumn).
葡萄園
【ぶどうえん】
budōen,
vineyard
葡萄棚
【ぶどうだな】
budōdana,
grape racks
無花果
【いちじく】
ichijiku,
fig(s) [fruit of Ficus carica] (late autumn).
石榴(柘榴)
【ざくろ】
zakuro,
pomegranate(s) [fruit of Punica granatum] (mid autumn).
【みざくろ(実石榴)】
mizakuro,
pomegranate(s)
胡桃
【くるみ】
kurumi,
walnut(s) [commonly, fruit of Juglans regia, though other species are found in the wild] (late autumn).
柚子
【ゆず】
yuzu,
citron [a small citrus fruit, Citrus medica (late autumn).
柚
【ゆ】
yu,
citron
青柚
【あおゆ】
aoyu,
green citron
醋橘
【すだち】
sudachi,
Tokushima citron [literally "sour/vinegar orange"]
芳醋
【かぼす】
kabosu,
Ōita citron [literally "fragrant sour/vinegar (citrus)"]
木醋
【きず】
kizu,
Kyūshū citron [literally "tree vinegar/sour (citrus)"]
檸檬
【れもん】
remon,
lemon(s) [fruit of Citrus limonia] (late autumn).
【レモン】
remon,
lemon(s)
紅葉
【もみじ】
momiji,
(もみぢ), red leaves / red (maple) leaves (late autumn).
夕紅葉
【ゆうもみじ】
yūmomiji,
evening red leaves
むら紅葉
【むらもみじ】
muramomiji,
village's red leaves
谿紅葉
【たにもみじ】
tanimomiji,
valley's red leaves
紅葉山
【もみじやま】
momijiyama,
red-leaved mountain
黄落
【こうらく】
kōraku,
(くわうらく), falling yellow leaves (late autumn).
錦木
【にしきぎ】
nishikigi,
winged spindle-tree [for its red autumn foliage and fruit; Euonymus alatus] (late autumn).
錦木の実
【にしきぎのみ】
nishikigi no mi,
fruit of the winged spindle-tree
桐一葉
【きりひとは】
kiri hitoha,
one paulownia leaf [refers to the sound of one of the Paulownia tomentosa tree's large leaves falling] (early autumn).
一葉落つ
【ひとはおつ】
hitoha otsu,
one (paulownia) leaf falls
秋の芽
【あきのめ】
aki no me,
autumn buds/sprouts (early autumn).
秋芽
【あきめ】
akime,
autumn buds/sprouts
新松子
【しんちぢり】
shinchijiri,
new pinecone(s) (late autumn).
青松毬(青松笠)
【あおまつかさ】
aomatsukasa,
green pinecone(s)
木の実
【このみ】
konomi,
nut/fruit/berry [or plurals; of a tree or shrub; note that the common vernacular pronunciation きのみ ki no mi, is not used for this term in haikai] (all autumn).
木の実落つ
【このみおつ】
konomi otsu,
nut/fruit/berry falls
木の実降る
【このみふる】
konomi furu,
nuts/fruits/berries rain down
木の実独楽
【このみごま】
konomigoma,
nut top [a toy]
木の実拾う
【このみひろう】
konomi hirou,
(to) gather nuts/fruits/berries
団栗
【どんぐり】
donguri,
acorn(s) (late autumn).
梅擬
【うめもどき】
ume-modoki,
winterberry / finetooth holly [for its red berries; literally "mock plum"; Ilex serrata and similar species] (late autumn).
梅嫌
【うめもどき】
ume-modoki,
winterberry / finetooth holly
落霜紅
【うめもどき】
ume-modoki (らくそうこう), winterberry / finetooth holly [kanji literally "frost-reddened (fruit)"]
蔓梅擬
【つるうめもどき】
tsuru-ume-modoki,
bittersweet [literally "vine ume-modoki", a woody climbing vine whose fruit splits open to reveal bright red seeds, Celastrus orbiculatus] (late autumn).
【つるもどき】
tsuru-modoki,
bittersweet
通草(木通)
【あけび】
akebi,
akebi / chocolate vine [woody climbing vine, Akebia quinata] (mid autumn).
通草の実
【あけびのみ】
akebi no mi,
akebi berry/berries
三葉通草
【みつばあけび】
mitsuba akebi,
three-leaved akebi [A. trifoliata]
郁子
【むべ】
mube,
evergreen akebi [Stauntonia hexaphylla]
常盤通草
【ときわあけび】
tokiwa akebi,
evergreen akebi [= mube]
蔦
【つた】
tsuta,
Japanese ivy [Parthenocissus tricuspidata] (all autumn).
蔦紅葉
【つたもみじ】
tsuta-momiji,
scarlet Japanese ivy (leaves)
紅葉蔦
【もみじづた】
momiji-zuta,
scarlet (-leaved) Japanese ivy
錦蔦
【にしきづた】
nishiki-zuta,
brocaded Japanese ivy [literal, "brocaded" used figuratively]
蔦かずら
【つたかずら】
tsuta kazura,
ivy and vines / creepers [a more generic term]
竹の春
【たけのはる】
take no haru,
bamboo spring (mid autumn).
芭蕉
【ばしょう】
bashō,
(ばせう), banana plant / plantain [Musa paradisiaca, a large perennial related to the commercial banana, prized for its leaves] (all autumn).
【カンナ】
kanna,
canna (flowers) [Canna species, most with bright red flowers] (early autumn).
朝顔
【あさがお】
asagao,
(あさがほ), morning-glory/glories [Ipomea species] (early autumn).
牽牛花
【けんぎゅうか】
kengyūka,
morning-glory/glories
蕣
【あさがお】
asagao,
morning-glory/glories [but note that this kanji is also used for むくげ mukuge, rose of Sharon / hibiscus / althea, Hibiscus syriacus]
鶏頭
【けいとう】
keitō,
cockscomb(s) (all autumn).
鶏頭花
【けいとうか】
keitōka,
cockscomb flower(s)
【コスモス】
kosumosu,
cosmos / Mexican aster(s) [Cosmos bipinnatus, the common garden cosmos] (mid autumn).
秋桜
【あきざくら】
akizakura,
cosmos [literally "autumn cherry (blossoms)"]
白粉花
【おしろいばな】
oshiroibana,
four o'clock flower(s) / Marvel-of-Peru [literally "white face-powder flower(s)"; Mirabilis jalapa] (all autumn).
【おしろい】
oshiroi,
four o'clock flower(s) / Marvel-of-Peru [literally "white face-powder"]
夕化粧
【ゆうげしょう】
yūgeshō,
four o'clock flower(s) / Marvel-of-Peru [literally "evening make-up"]
鳳仙花
【ほうせんか】
hōsenka,
(ほうせんくわ), impatiens / touch-me-not(s) [cultivated varieties of Impatiens species, a genus in the balsam family; distinguish 釣船草【つりふねそう】 tsurifunesō, wild touch-me-not / jewelweed, also Impatiens species, blooming at the same time] (early autumn).
【つまくれない(爪紅)】
tsumakurenai,
touch-me-not(s) [colloquial; literally "(finger-)nail red"]
【つまべに(爪紅)】
tsumabeni,
touch-me-not(s) [colloquial; same as previous]
染指草
【せんしそう】
senshisō,
touch-me-not(s) [colloquial; literally "dye-finger(-nail) plant"]
鬼灯
【ほおずき】
鬼燈 hōzuki,
(ほほづき), ground cherry/cheries / Chinese lantern(s) [literally "demon lamp"; Physalis alkekengi] (all autumn).
酸漿
【ほおずき】
hōzuki,
ground cherry/cherries / Chinese lantern(s) [literally "tart juice"]
秋海棠
【しゅうかいどう】
shūdō,
(しゅうかいだう), hardy begonia(s) [of the 1000 or more begonia species and cultivators, this is Begonia evansiana, the hardiest garden variety] (all autumn).
菊
【きく】
giku,
chrysanthemums (all autumn).
大菊
【おおぎく】
ōgiku,
large chrysanthemums
中菊
【ちゅうぎく】
chūgiku,
medium (-sized) chrysanthemums
小菊
【こぎく】
kogiku,
small chrysanthemums
糸瓜
【へちま】
蛮瓜/布瓜hechima,
sponge gourd / loofah [fruit of the Luffa cylindrica] (all autumn).
芋
【いも】
imo,
taro [sometimes colloquial for potato, but not in haikai; may carry overtone of yokel, bumpkin] (all autumn).
里芋
【さといも】
satoimo,
taro
芋畑
【いもばたけ】
imobatake,
taro field
衣被ぎ
【きぬかつぎ】
kinukatsugi,
unblemished taro [for boiling in their skins; see 衣被【きぬかつぎ】 kinukatsugi under the category 生活【せいかつ】 seikatsu, Daily Life] (all autumn).
貝割菜
【かいわりな】
kaiwarina,
(かひわりな), radish sprouts [literally "open shell greens"; young sprouts of 大根【だいこん】 daikon, 蕪【かぶ】 kabu, turnip, and so on] (mid autumn).
唐辛子
【とうがらし】
tōgarashi,
red peppers / cayenne peppers [hotter representatives of the Capsicum genus] (all autumn).
蕃椒
【とうがらし】
tōgarashi,
red peppers / cayenne peppers
稲
【いね】
ine,
rice-plant(s) [refers to the mature plants] (all autumn).
稲穂
【いなほ】
inaho,
ear/head of rice
稲田
【いなだ】
inada,
paddy with (mature) rice plants
稲の香
【いねのか】
ine no ka,
fragrance of rice plants
稲の秋
【いねのあき】
ine no aki,
rice-plant autumn
落穂
【おちぼ】
ochibo,
fallen rice-ears (late autumn).
落穂拾い
【おちぼひろい】
ochibo hiroi,
gathering fallen rice-ears / gleaning rice-ears
玉蜀黍
【とうもろこし】
tōmorokoshi,
(たうもろこし), field corn / maize / Indian corn [Zea maize] (mid autumn).
唐黍
【とうきび】
tōkibi,
field corn / maize / Indian corn
【もろこし】
morokoshi,
field corn / maize / Indian corn
蕎麦の花
【そばのはな】
soba no hana,
buckwheat flowers (early autumn).
蕎麦
【そば】
soba,
buckwheat (flowers)
敗荷
【やれはす】
yarehasu,
broken/withered lotus (plants) [kanji literally "broken bags", from appearance] (late autumn).
破れ蓮(破蓮)
【やれはちす】
yarehachisu,
broken/withered lotus
草の花
【くさのはな】
kusa no hana,
(autumn) wildflowers [note: "grass flowers" is not a good translation, as 草 includes forbs and herbs] (all autumn).
千草の花
【ちくさのはな】
chigusa no kana,
the thousand (autumn) wildflowers [that is, many kinds]
秋の七草
【ななくさ】
aki no nana kusa,
the seven autumn flowers [which are, classically: 萩【はぎ】 hagi, bush clover、尾花【おばな】 obana, pampas grass flowers、葛花【くずばな】 kuzubana, arrowroot flowers、撫子【なでしこ】 nadeshiko, fringed pinks、女郎花【おみなえし】 ominaeshi, patrinia、藤袴【ふじばかま】 fujibakama, Joe-Pye weed; 朝顔【あさがお】 asagao, morning-glory; 桔梗【ききょう】 kikyou, Chinese bellflower, replaces morning-glory in modern lists] (all autumn).
撫子
【なでしこ】
nadeshiko,
fringed pinks [see Summer] (all autumn).
末枯
【うらがれ】
uragare,
withering/withered twigs (late autumn).
萩
【はぎ】
hagi,
bush clover [Lespedeza species] (early autumn).
白萩
【しらはぎ】
shirahagi,
white bush clover
山萩
【やまはぎ】
yamahagi,
mountain bush clover [Lespedeza bicolor, pink-to-red-flowered]
野萩
【のはぎ】
nohagi,
wild bush clover
小萩
【こはぎ】
kohagi
,
small/young bush clover
こぼれ萩
【こぼれはぎ】
koborehagi,
overflowing bush clover
乱れ萩
【みだれはぎ】
midarehagi,
profusion of bush clover
萩原
【はぎはら】
hagihara,
bush clover meadow/field/plain
芒
【すすき】
薄 susuki,
pampas grass [Miscanthus sinensis] (all autumn).
花芒
【はなすすき】
hana susuki,
flowering pampas grass
十寸穂の芒
【ますほのすすき】
masuho no susuki,
ten-inch-plume pampas grass
鷹の羽芒
【たかのはすすき】
taka no ha susuki,
zebra pampas grass [literally "hawk-feather pampas grass", M. sinensis variety zebrinus]
葛
【くず】
kuzu,
arrowroot/kudzu [Pueraria lobata] (all autumn).
葛の葉
【くずのは】
kuzu no ha,
arrowroot leaves / kudzu leaves
真葛
【まくず】
makuzu,
genuine arrowroot / genuine kudzu [lauditory name]
葛の花
【くずのは】
kuzu no ha,
arrowroot/kudzu flowers
真葛原
【まくずはら】
makuzu hara,
plain of genuine arrowroot/kudzu
野菊
【のぎく】
nogiku,
wild chrysanthemum(s)/aster(s) [any of several species of wild chrysanthemums or asters with thin-petalled, single white flowers
with yellow centers] (mid autumn).
野路菊
【のじぎく】
nojigiku,
wild chrysanthemum(s) [Chrysanthemum japonense]
【いのこずち(牛膝)】
inokozuchi,
(ゐのこづち), ox knees [literal, a wild herb with small white flowers in spikes; root used in Chinese medicine, Achyranthes species] (all autumn).
曼珠沙華
【まんじゅしゃげ】
manjushage,
red spider lily/lilies [Lycoris radiata] (mid autumn).
彼岸花
【ひがんばな】
higanbana,
red spider lily/lilies [literally "Higan flower"]
桔梗
【ききょう】
kikyō,
(ききやう), Chinese bellflower(s) [Platycodon grandiflorum] (early autumn).
桔梗
【きちこう】
kichikō,
Chinese bellflower(s)
竜胆
【りんどう】
龍胆rindō,
(りんだう), gentian(s) / autumn bellflower(s) [Gentiana scabra, ] (mid autumn).
露草
【つゆくさ】
tsuyukusa,
common dayflower(s) / common commelina(s) / Asiatic dayflower(s) [literally "dew plant/flower"; Commelina communis, not a "spiderwort", which is the related genus Tradescantia] (early autumn).
螢草
【ほたるぐさ】
hotarugusa,
firefly plant [literal]
赤のまんま
【あかのまんま】
aka no manma,
red smartweed/knotweed/jointweed [Polygonum longisetum and related species] (early autumn).
赤のまま
【あかのまま】
aka no mama,
red smartweed/knotweed/jointweed
犬蓼
【いぬたで】
inutade,
(red) smartweed/knotweed/jointweed [literally "mongrel smartweed/. . ."]
蓼の花
【たでのはな】
tade no hana,
flowers of smartweed/knotweed/jointweed
烏瓜
【からすうり】
karasu-uri,
snake gourd(s) [literally "crow gourd/melon", fruit of Trichosanthes cucumeroides] (late autumn).
菌
【きのこ】
kinoko,
mushroom(s) (late autumn).
茸
【きのこ】
kinoko,
mushroom(s)
茸
【たけ】
take,
mushroom(s)
茸山
【たけやま】
takeyama,
mushroom hill/mountain(s)
茸飯
【きのこめし】
kinoko meshi,
mushroom rice [that is, rice with mushrooms]
初茸
【はつたけ】
hatsutake,
first mushroom(s)
松茸
【まつたけ】
matsutake,
pine mushroom(s) [Armillaria edodes]
椎茸
【しいたけ】
shiitake,
shiitake / pasania mushroom(s) [Cortinellus shiitake]
【しめじ(湿地茸)】
shimeji,
champignon(s) / meadow mushroom(s) [Agaricus campestris, A. hortensis and related]
榎茸
【えのきだけ】
enokidake,
hackberry mushroom(s)
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