UVa Library Etext Center: Japanese Text Initiative

植物【しょくぶつ】 shokubutsu Plants

木犀【もくせい】 mokusei sweet olive / sweet osmanthus [Osmanthus fragrans varieties] (late autumn)

金木犀【きんもくせい】 kinmokusei golden sweet olive / golden sweet osmanthus [Osmanthus fragrans variety aurantiacus]
銀木犀【ぎんもくせい】 ginmokusei silver sweet olive / silver sweet osmanthus [Osmanthus fragrans]
薄黄木犀【うすぎもくせい】 usugimokusei pale-yellow sweet olive / pale-yellow sweet osmanthus [Osmanthus fragrans variety thunbergii]

木槿【むくげ】 mukuge rose of sharon / hibiscus / althea [Hibiscus syriacus; not to be confused with 葵【あおい】aoi, hollyhock / althea, in summer; see also note on 蕣 at 朝顔【あさがお】 asagao, morning-glory, below] (early autumn)

芙蓉【ふよう】 fuyō rose mallow(s) [Hibiscus mutabilis] (early autumn)

椿の実【つばきのみ】 tsubaki no mi fruit of the camellia (late autumn)

梨【なし】 nashi (Japanese round) pear(s) [fruit of Pyrus pyrifolia] (all autumn)

ありの実【ありのみ】 arinomi (Japanese round) pear(s)
西洋梨【せいようなし】 seiyō-nashi (European/Western) pear(s) [fruit of Pyrus communis]

柿【かき】 kaki persimmon(s) [fruit of Diospyros kaki or related species] (late autumn)

甘柿【あまがき】 amagaki sweet persimmon(s)
渋柿【しぶがき】 shibugaki astringent persimmon(s)
木守柿【きもりがき】 kimorigaki （きまもりがき）, tree-ripened persimmon(s) [among the last picked; suggests that the fruit was guarded until fully ripened]

林檎【りんご】 ringo apple(s) [fruit of Malus pumila] (late autumn)

葡萄【ぶどう】 budō （ぶだう）, grapes [eminent haiku masters have placed this kidai in early, mid, and late autumn, apparently according to geographical latitude and local grape production; we follow Inahata Teiko's Hototogisu New Saijiki with an all-autumn designation, leaning toward mid autumn] (all autumn)

葡萄園【ぶどうえん】 budōen vineyard
葡萄棚【ぶどうだな】 budōdana grape racks

無花果【いちじく】 ichijiku fig(s) [fruit of Ficus carica] (late autumn)

石榴（柘榴）【ざくろ】 zakuro pomegranate(s) [fruit of Punica granatum] (mid autumn)

みざくろ（実石榴） mizakuro pomegranate(s)

胡桃【くるみ】 kurumi walnut(s) [commonly, fruit of Juglans regia, though other species are found in the wild] (late autumn)

柚子【ゆず】 yuzu citron [a small citrus fruit, Citrus medica (late autumn)

柚【ゆ】 yu citron
青柚【あおゆ】 aoyu green citron
醋橘【すだち】 sudachi Tokushima citron [literally "sour/vinegar orange"]
芳醋【かぼす】 kabosu Ōita citron [literally "fragrant sour/vinegar (citrus)"]
木醋【きず】 kizu Kyūshū citron [literally "tree vinegar/sour (citrus)"]

檸檬【れもん】 remon lemon(s) [fruit of Citrus limonia] (late autumn)

レモン remon lemon(s)

紅葉【もみじ】 momiji （もみぢ）, red leaves / red (maple) leaves (late autumn)

夕紅葉【ゆうもみじ】 yūmomiji evening red leaves
むら紅葉【むらもみじ】 muramomiji village's red leaves
谿紅葉【たにもみじ】 tanimomiji valley's red leaves
紅葉山【もみじやま】 momijiyama red-leaved mountain

As autumn deepens, the green leaves on deciduous trees turn red. Because maples flaunt an especially gorgeous array of colors, one tends to immediately think of the maple as the definitive image of momiji; yet to ignore the beauty of autumn leaves on other trees, such as those of persimmon trees (柿紅葉　[かきもみじ]), cherry blossom trees (桜紅葉　[さくらもみじ]), lacquer trees (漆紅葉　[うるしもみじ]), rhododendron (満天星紅葉　[どうだんもみじ]), as well as the mixed palette of a miscellaneous forest (雑木黄葉 [ぞうきもみじ])-- would be amiss. When the sun rays hit the red leaves and make them glitter warmly, it is called teriha (照葉 [てりは]). The trees with the most dramatically vivid autumn colors are found in the mountainous regions or the northern regions of Japan, where there is a severe discrepancy of temperature between the day time and the night time. Generally, the leaves start to turn their color when a day's lowest temperature dips under 8 degrees Celcius (approximately 46 degrees Fahrenheit); the autumn colors reach a climax when the day's lowest temperature hits 5-6 degrees Celcius (approximately 41-43 degrees Fahrenheit). Some trees with leaves that turn yellow rather than red-- such as a type of oak (檪 [くぬぎ] kunugi, Quercus acutissima) or a gingko tree (銀杏　[いちょう])-- are also called momiji, although when written with Chinese characters, the form is slightly different. The Chinese character for "yellow" (黄) replaces that of the character for "red" (紅)；momiji is written as "黄葉" (yellow leaves), instead of "紅葉"(red leaves). The term kusa momiji (草紅葉 [くさもみじ]) describes the way autumn leaves fall and spread themselves over grass. Other related terms: hatsumomiji (初紅葉　[はつもみじ], "first momiji"), usumomiji (薄紅葉　[うすもみじ], "pale momiji").

山くれて紅葉の朱をうばひけり

蕪村

yama kurete momiji no ake o ubaikeri

in the mountains
the night sets in, snatching away
the scarlet of momiji

Buson

きらきらと紅葉まばゆし藪の中

正岡子規

kirakira to momiji mabayushi yabu no naka

glitter, glitter—
the momiji softly blinds my eyes
[there] in the bushes

Masaoka Shiki

障子しめて四方の紅葉を感じをり

星野立子

shouji shimete yomo no momiji o kanjiori

Hoshino Tatsuko

I closed all the shoji screens, from all four directions [beyond the screens] I felt the momiji surrounding me

濃紅葉に涙せき来る如何にせん

高浜虚子

komomiji ni namida sekikuru ikani sen

[Looking at] the rich dark momiji,
tears come in a rush—
[I am] at a loss of what to do

Takahama Kyoshi

The phrase "sekikuru" literally means "to come in a hurry" (急き来る　[せきくる])．The poet is suddenly so overwhelmed by the sight of the ravishing beauty of momiji that he finds tears welling up in his eyes. This poem has been interpreted as being strongly subjective and connected to the author's actual experience. The poem was written in 1946, one year after Japan lost World War II; Kyoshi was staying in Akizukijyōka (秋月城下　[あきづきじょうか]), a castle town in Fukuoka especially noted for affinity with his father. Both of these closely personal factors shed light on the rapid onset of emotions in the poem.

黄落【こうらく】 kōraku （くわうらく）, falling yellow leaves (late autumn)

錦木【にしきぎ】 nishikigi winged spindle-tree [for its red autumn foliage and fruit; Euonymus alatus] (late autumn)

錦木の実【にしきぎのみ】 nishikigi no mi fruit of the winged spindle-tree

桐一葉【きりひとは】 kiri hitoha one paulownia leaf [refers to the sound of one of the Paulownia tomentosa tree's large leaves falling] (early autumn)

一葉落つ【ひとはおつ】 hitoha otsu one (paulownia) leaf falls

秋の芽【あきのめ】 aki no me autumn buds/sprouts (early autumn)

秋芽【あきめ】 akime autumn buds/sprouts

新松子【しんちぢり】 shinchijiri new pinecone(s) (late autumn)

青松毬（青松笠）【あおまつかさ】 aomatsukasa green pinecone(s)

木の実【このみ】 konomi nut/fruit/berry [or plurals; of a tree or shrub; note that the common vernacular pronunciation きのみ ki no mi, is not used for this term in haikai] (all autumn)

木の実落つ【このみおつ】 konomi otsu nut/fruit/berry falls
木の実降る【このみふる】 konomi furu nuts/fruits/berries rain down
木の実独楽【このみごま】 konomigoma nut top [a toy]
木の実拾う【このみひろう】 konomi hirou (to) gather nuts/fruits/berries

団栗【どんぐり】 donguri acorn(s) (late autumn)

梅擬【うめもどき】 ume-modoki winterberry / finetooth holly [for its red berries; literally "mock plum"; Ilex serrata and similar species] (late autumn)

梅嫌【うめもどき】 ume-modoki winterberry / finetooth holly
落霜紅【うめもどき】 ume-modoki （らくそうこう）, winterberry / finetooth holly [kanji literally "frost-reddened (fruit)"]

蔓梅擬【つるうめもどき】 tsuru-ume-modoki bittersweet [literally "vine ume-modoki", a woody climbing vine whose fruit splits open to reveal bright red seeds, Celastrus orbiculatus] (late autumn)

つるもどき tsuru-modoki bittersweet

通草（木通）【あけび】 akebi akebi / chocolate vine [woody climbing vine, Akebia quinata] (mid autumn)

通草の実【あけびのみ】 akebi no mi akebi berry/berries
三葉通草【みつばあけび】 mitsuba akebi three-leaved akebi [A. trifoliata]
郁子【むべ】 mube evergreen akebi [Stauntonia hexaphylla]
常盤通草【ときわあけび】 tokiwa akebi evergreen akebi [= mube]

蔦【つた】 tsuta Japanese ivy [Parthenocissus tricuspidata] (all autumn)

蔦紅葉【つたもみじ】 tsuta-momiji scarlet Japanese ivy (leaves)
紅葉蔦【もみじづた】 momiji-zuta scarlet (-leaved) Japanese ivy
錦蔦【にしきづた】 nishiki-zuta brocaded Japanese ivy [literal, "brocaded" used figuratively]
蔦かずら【つたかずら】 tsuta kazura ivy and vines / creepers [a more generic term]

竹の春【たけのはる】 take no haru bamboo spring (mid autumn)

芭蕉【ばしょう】 bashō （ばせう）, banana plant / plantain [Musa paradisiaca, a large perennial related to the commercial banana, prized for its leaves] (all autumn)

カンナ kanna canna (flowers) [Canna species, most with bright red flowers] (early autumn)

朝顔【あさがお】 asagao （あさがほ）, morning-glory/glories [Ipomea species] (early autumn)

牽牛花【けんぎゅうか】 kengyūka morning-glory/glories
蕣【あさがお】 asagao morning-glory/glories [but note that this kanji is also used for むくげ mukuge, rose of Sharon / hibiscus / althea, Hibiscus syriacus]

This is an annual vine of the Convolvulaceae family, said to have its origins in southwestern China and the foothills of the Himalayas. The seeds were valued for medicinal purposes in China, and from a Sung dynasty anecdote about someone who once exchanged a treasured ox for a quantity of this plant, it acquired the names "ox-pulling flower" and "ox-pulling seed" (牽牛子【けんぎゅうし】kengyūshi). The plant was introduced into Japan 1200 years ago by embassies to Tang China which brought back seeds for medicinal use. Crushed, the seeds were used as a powerful laxative and diuretic. From the Edo period the plant was widely cultivated for decorative purposes, and towards the end of the 19th century was introduced to Europe, where it was referred to as "Japanese Morning-Glory". In recent times it has been intensively cultivated by gardeners in Japan. The blossoms were originally pale blue but a variety of colors have been developed. Cultivars are generally divided into either mutant or large-flowering strains. Wild morning-glories found growing in warm areas of Kyushu and Shikoku today are small and said to be close to the variety first introduced from China.

あさがほに我は飯くふおとこ哉

芭蕉

asagao ni ware wa meshi kuu otoko kana

by the morning-glories
I am this rice-eating
fellow

Bashō

[Bashō's plain-style verse was written in deliberate contrast with a fanciful hokku by Kikaku: 草の戸に我は蓼くふほたる哉, kusa no to ni ware wa tade kuu hotaru kana, "by the grass door / I am this knotweed-eating / firefly".]

朝がほや一輪深き淵の色

蕪村

asagao ya ichirin fukaki fuchi no iro

a morning-glory . . .
in one flower the color
of a deep pool

Buson

朝がほや猶まぼろしの

ひとへ

蓼太

asagao ya nao maboroshi no kaya hitoe

a morning-glory . . .
one layer of a phantom's
mosquito net

Ryōta

朝顔や濁り初めたる市の空

杉田久女

asagao ya nigori sometaru ichi no sora

morning-glories . . .
the sky over the marketplace
as it starts to get dirty

Sugita Hisajo

朝顔の紺の彼方の月日かな

石田波郷

asagao no kon no kanata tsukihi kana

beyond the deep blue 
of the morning-glories
the days and months . . .

Ishida Hakyō

The deep blue flowers of the morning glories are blossoming in a row. The author's attention is drawn first by the flowers, then past them to the infinite prospect of days and months ahead. The repeated no sound in the Japanese lends assonance to the poem.

鶏頭【けいとう】 keitō cockscomb(s) (all autumn)

鶏頭花【けいとうか】 keitōka cockscomb flower(s)

コスモス kosumosu cosmos / Mexican aster(s) [Cosmos bipinnatus, the common garden cosmos] (mid autumn)

秋桜【あきざくら】 akizakura cosmos [literally "autumn cherry (blossoms)"]

白粉花【おしろいばな】 oshiroibana four o'clock flower(s) / Marvel-of-Peru [literally "white face-powder flower(s)"; Mirabilis jalapa] (all autumn)

おしろい oshiroi four o'clock flower(s) / Marvel-of-Peru [literally "white face-powder"]
夕化粧【ゆうげしょう】 yūgeshō four o'clock flower(s) / Marvel-of-Peru [literally "evening make-up"]

鳳仙花【ほうせんか】 hōsenka （ほうせんくわ）, impatiens / touch-me-not(s) [cultivated varieties of Impatiens species, a genus in the balsam family; distinguish 釣船草【つりふねそう】 tsurifunesō, wild touch-me-not / jewelweed, also Impatiens species, blooming at the same time] (early autumn)

つまくれない（爪紅） tsumakurenai touch-me-not(s) [colloquial; literally "(finger-)nail red"]
つまべに（爪紅） tsumabeni touch-me-not(s) [colloquial; same as previous]
染指草【せんしそう】 senshisō touch-me-not(s) [colloquial; literally "dye-finger(-nail) plant"]

鬼灯【ほおずき】（鬼燈） hōzuki （ほほづき）, ground cherry/cheries / Chinese lantern(s) [literally "demon lamp"; Physalis alkekengi] (all autumn)

酸漿【ほおずき】 hōzuki ground cherry/cherries / Chinese lantern(s) [literally "tart juice"]

秋海棠【しゅうかいどう】 shūdō （しゅうかいだう）, hardy begonia(s) [of the 1000 or more begonia species and cultivators, this is Begonia evansiana, the hardiest garden variety] (all autumn)

菊【きく】 giku chrysanthemums (all autumn)

大菊【おおぎく】 ōgiku large chrysanthemums
中菊【ちゅうぎく】 chūgiku medium (-sized) chrysanthemums
小菊【こぎく】 kogiku small chrysanthemums

糸瓜【へちま】（蛮瓜／布瓜） hechima sponge gourd / loofah [fruit of the Luffa cylindrica] (all autumn)

芋【いも】 imo taro [sometimes colloquial for potato, but not in haikai; may carry overtone of yokel, bumpkin] (all autumn)

里芋【さといも】 satoimo taro
芋畑【いもばたけ】 imobatake taro field

衣被ぎ【きぬかつぎ】 kinukatsugi unblemished taro [for boiling in their skins; see 衣被【きぬかつぎ】 kinukatsugi under the category 生活【せいかつ】 seikatsu, Daily Life] (all autumn)

貝割菜【かいわりな】 kaiwarina （かひわりな）, radish sprouts [literally "open shell greens"; young sprouts of 大根【だいこん】 daikon, 蕪【かぶ】 kabu, turnip, and so on] (mid autumn)

唐辛子【とうがらし】 tōgarashi red peppers / cayenne peppers [hotter representatives of the Capsicum genus] (all autumn)

蕃椒【とうがらし】 tōgarashi red peppers / cayenne peppers

稲【いね】 ine rice-plant(s) [refers to the mature plants] (all autumn)

稲穂【いなほ】 inaho ear/head of rice
稲田【いなだ】 inada paddy with (mature) rice plants
稲の香【いねのか】 ine no ka fragrance of rice plants
稲の秋【いねのあき】 ine no aki rice-plant autumn

落穂【おちぼ】 ochibo fallen rice-ears (late autumn)

落穂拾い【おちぼひろい】 ochibo hiroi gathering fallen rice-ears / gleaning rice-ears

玉蜀黍【とうもろこし】 tōmorokoshi （たうもろこし）, field corn / maize / Indian corn [Zea maize] (mid autumn)

唐黍【とうきび】 tōkibi field corn / maize / Indian corn
もろこし morokoshi field corn / maize / Indian corn

蕎麦の花【そばのはな】 soba no hana buckwheat flowers (early autumn)

蕎麦【そば】 soba buckwheat (flowers)

敗荷【やれはす】 yarehasu broken/withered lotus (plants) [kanji literally "broken bags", from appearance] (late autumn)

破れ蓮（破蓮）【やれはちす】 yarehachisu broken/withered lotus

草の花【くさのはな】 kusa no hana (autumn) wildflowers [note: "grass flowers" is not a good translation, as 草 includes forbs and herbs] (all autumn)

千草の花【ちくさのはな】 chigusa no kana the thousand (autumn) wildflowers [that is, many kinds]

秋の七草【ななくさ】 aki no nana kusa the seven autumn flowers [which are, classically: 萩【はぎ】 hagi, bush clover、尾花【おばな】 obana, pampas grass flowers、葛花【くずばな】 kuzubana, arrowroot flowers、撫子【なでしこ】 nadeshiko, fringed pinks、女郎花【おみなえし】 ominaeshi, patrinia、藤袴【ふじばかま】 fujibakama, Joe-Pye weed; 朝顔【あさがお】 asagao, morning-glory; 桔梗【ききょう】 kikyou, Chinese bellflower, replaces morning-glory in modern lists] (all autumn)

撫子【なでしこ】 nadeshiko fringed pinks [see Summer] (all autumn)

末枯【うらがれ】 uragare withering/withered twigs (late autumn)

萩【はぎ】 hagi bush clover [Lespedeza species] (early autumn)

白萩【しらはぎ】 shirahagi white bush clover
山萩【やまはぎ】 yamahagi mountain bush clover [Lespedeza bicolor, pink-to-red-flowered]
野萩【のはぎ】 nohagi wild bush clover
小萩【こはぎ】 kohagi small/young bush clover
こぼれ萩【こぼれはぎ】 koborehagi overflowing bush clover
乱れ萩【みだれはぎ】 midarehagi profusion of bush clover
萩原【はぎはら】 hagihara bush clover meadow/field/plain

This flowering shrub is one of the traditional "seven plants of autumn" (秋の七草【あきのななくさ】 aki no nanakusa). It was the topic of no less than 141 poems in the earliest anthology of Japanese poetry, Man'yōshū (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves, c. 780 CE). The plants to which bush clover, a deciduous, low-growing shrub, is most closely related are legumes. It acquired the name hagi, originally "sprouting shoots" (生え芽【はえき】 haeki), since it puts forth new shoots from old root stock. The name "bush clover" by itself almost always refers, in haikai and waka poetry, to "mountain bush clover", a species widely distributed in Japan, Korea and China. Bush clover was used as fodder for domestic animals; its stalks were harvested for making fences or thatching, and used to make the handles of writing brushes. Historical records indicate that the leaves of this plant were sometimes roasted for use as a substitute for tea. Today, the cultivar most commonly chosen as a flowering plant by gardeners is the "Miyagi Plains bush clover" (宮城野萩【みやぎのはぎ】 miyagino hagi, Lespedeza thunbergii). The "round-leaf bush clover" (円葉萩【まるばはぎ】 maruba hagi, L. cyrtobotrya), "lacquer bush clover" (蒔絵萩【まきえはぎ】 makie hagi, L. virgata), and numerous other varieties are popular as well, but in haikai, all are referred to, simply, as hagi.

萩咲いて家賃五円の家に住む

正岡子規

hagi saite yachin goen no ie ni sumu

bush clover blooming
I live in a house
at five yen rent

Masaoka Shiki

三日月やこの頃萩の咲きこぼれ

河東碧梧桐

mikazuki ya konogoro hagi no sakikobore

this crescent moon
about now the bush clover
spills its blossoms 

Kawahigashi Hekigotō

萩の風何か急かるる何ならむ

水原秋櫻子

hagi no kaze nanika sekaruru nani naramu

bush-clover wind--
something hurries me along
I wonder what

Mizuhara Shūōshi

萩見ながら病母と墓の話など

能村登四郎

hagi minagara byōbo to haka no hanashi nado

watching the bush clover
I talk with my sick mother
of gravestones and such 

Nomura Toshirō

白萩や出羽の日暮れは林檎色

吉田鴻司

shirahagi ya dewa no higure wa ringo-iro

white bush clover . . .
the twilight in Dewa Province
apple-colored

Yoshida Kōji

しら露もこぼさぬ萩のうねり哉

芭蕉

shiratsuyu mo kobosanu hagi no uneri kana

not even spilling
the white dew this swaying
of bush clover

Bashō

The stalks of a bush clover, looking as though about to spill its own blossoms, are laden with dew, and sway gently in the evening breeze. In the fleeting moment before the droplets of dew fall, they lend color to the leaves and blossoms of their host.

芒【すすき】（薄） susuki pampas grass [Miscanthus sinensis] (all autumn)

花芒【はなすすき】 hana susuki flowering pampas grass
十寸穂の芒【ますほのすすき】 masuho no susuki ten-inch-plume pampas grass
鷹の羽芒【たかのはすすき】 taka no ha susuki zebra pampas grass [literally "hawk-feather pampas grass", M. sinensis variety zebrinus]

Susuki, or pampas grass, is a perennial plant of the grass family which is native to China and Japan and grows wild in mountains and fields throughout Japan, wherever direct sunlight is available. It is one of the traditional "seven plants of autumn" (秋の七草【あきのななくさ】akino nanakusa). In some regions it is still called by the older name kaya (萱【かや】), which refers to the dried grass used as thatch. The kaya of traditional thatched roofs is simply another name for "susuki". Pampas grass lends charm to the fields and hills of autumn, but also has a range of practical uses closely tied to traditional Japanese life. Apart from thatch, it has been used to make bags for charcoal, straw sandals, rope, hanging screens, brooms and other products. The young leaves have been used as fodder for domestic animals. The roots are dried and boiled to make an infusion used to alleviate fever. Another name for the plant or its blossoms is literally "tail flower", from the appearance of the blossom, while plants with especially large blooms are sometimes called "ten-inch-plume pampas grass". Susuki has an important role in ikebana (flower arrangement) during autumn. Besides the ordinary species, "narrow-leaved pampas grass" and "zebra pampas grass" are favored for use in ikebana, but in haiku all varieties of the plant may be referred to simply as susuki.

散る芒寒くなるのが目に見える

一茶

chiru susuki samuku naru no ga me ni mieru

scattering pampas grass . . .
all too visibly 
it turns cold

Issa

この道の富士になりゆくすすきかな

河東碧梧桐

kono michi no fuji ni nariyuku susuki kana

how this path
becomes Mount Fuji:
pampas grass

Kawahigashi Hekigotō

妙高の大扉ぞ暮るる芒かな

秋元不死男

myōkō no ōto zo kururu susuki kana

Myōkō's
Great Gate--dusk settles
in the pampas grass

Akimoto Fujio

[Myōkōzan is an 8,000-foot (2450-meter) high, extinct volcano with extended views from various points on its rim. Its two most prominent ridges, at the north and south, form an apparent gateway in the sky.]

をりとりてはらりとおもきすすきかな

石田蛇笏

oritorite harari to omoki susuki kana

bent and plucked
the fluttering weight
of this pampas grass

Iida Dakotsu

The beauty of pampas grass is just caught in that "fluttering weight". The flexibility of a piece of pampas grass, the bounty of its plume, and all the other sensations change with its thickness and weight. In addition, this is all expressed in the original poem in the flowing grace of hiragana.

葛【くず】 kuzu arrowroot/kudzu [Pueraria lobata] (all autumn)

葛の葉【くずのは】 kuzu no ha arrowroot leaves / kudzu leaves
真葛【まくず】 makuzu genuine arrowroot / genuine kudzu [lauditory name]
葛の花【くずのは】 kuzu no ha arrowroot/kudzu flowers
真葛原【まくずはら】 makuzu hara plain of genuine arrowroot/kudzu

野菊【のぎく】 nogiku wild chrysanthemum(s)/aster(s) [any of several species of wild chrysanthemums or asters with thin-petalled, single white flowers with yellow centers] (mid autumn)

野路菊【のじぎく】 nojigiku wild chrysanthemum(s) [Chrysanthemum japonense]

いのこずち（牛膝） inokozuchi （ゐのこづち）, ox knees [literal, a wild herb with small white flowers in spikes; root used in Chinese medicine, Achyranthes species] (all autumn)

曼珠沙華【まんじゅしゃげ】 manjushage red spider lily/lilies [Lycoris radiata] (mid autumn)

彼岸花【ひがんばな】 higanbana red spider lily/lilies [literally "Higan flower"]

桔梗【ききょう】 kikyō （ききやう）, Chinese bellflower(s) [Platycodon grandiflorum] (early autumn)

桔梗【きちこう】 kichikō Chinese bellflower(s)

竜胆【りんどう】（龍胆） rindō （りんだう）, gentian(s) / autumn bellflower(s) [Gentiana scabra, ] (mid autumn)

露草【つゆくさ】 tsuyukusa common dayflower(s) / common commelina(s) / Asiatic dayflower(s) [literally "dew plant/flower"; Commelina communis, not a "spiderwort", which is the related genus Tradescantia] (early autumn)

螢草【ほたるぐさ】 hotarugusa firefly plant [literal]

赤のまんま【あかのまんま】 aka no manma red smartweed/knotweed/jointweed [Polygonum longisetum and related species] (early autumn)

赤のまま【あかのまま】 aka no mama red smartweed/knotweed/jointweed
犬蓼【いぬたで】 inutade (red) smartweed/knotweed/jointweed [literally "mongrel smartweed/. . ."]
蓼の花【たでのはな】 tade no hana flowers of smartweed/knotweed/jointweed

烏瓜【からすうり】 karasu-uri snake gourd(s) [literally "crow gourd/melon", fruit of Trichosanthes cucumeroides] (late autumn)

菌【きのこ】 kinoko mushroom(s) (late autumn)

茸【きのこ】 kinoko mushroom(s)
茸【たけ】 take mushroom(s)
茸山【たけやま】 takeyama mushroom hill/mountain(s)
茸飯【きのこめし】 kinoko meshi mushroom rice [that is, rice with mushrooms]
初茸【はつたけ】 hatsutake first mushroom(s)
松茸【まつたけ】 matsutake pine mushroom(s) [Armillaria edodes]
椎茸【しいたけ】 shiitake shiitake / pasania mushroom(s) [Cortinellus shiitake]
しめじ（湿地茸） shimeji champignon(s) / meadow mushroom(s) [Agaricus campestris, A. hortensis and related]
榎茸【えのきだけ】 enokidake hackberry mushroom(s)